Elastic-fluid turbine.



P.E.N0RT0N.

` ELASTIG FLUID TURBINB. I APPLIGATION FILED IEB.13, 1913. 1,094,393, Patented Apr.21,1914.

2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

Wibnesses:

BLASTIG FLUID TURBINB.

APPLICATION FILED FBB.13,1913.

Patented Apr. 21, i914.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

fl Inventor? LL, Fred ENOVJQOUJ Jqtfcfg.

fao

' UNITED STATES PATENT oEEioE.

FRED E. NoRToN,

OF LYNN, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR T0 GENERAL ELECTRI ELASTICQFLU) TURBINE.

Speclcation of Lettersatent.

Patented Apr. 21, 1914.

Application filed 'February 18, 1913. SerialNa 748,961.

To all 'tc/tom it may concern Be it. known that I, FRED E. honroN, a

citizen of the United` States, residing at.

Lynn, in the county of Essex and State of ''lassachusetta have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Elastic-Fluid Turbines, of \vhich.the following is a speciiication.

"\'l`he present invention relates Ato'elastic-A l'lnid turbines and has for its obJect to pro vide a turbine 'and governing mechanism therefor so organized and arranged that the turbine may operate as a high pressure machine, as a low pressure machine, as' a mixed pressure machine or as an extraction machine, according to the conditions of seivice. A lfurther object of my invention is to provide a turbine and governing'mechanism therefor so organized and arranged that the turbine operates at the saniespeed for a given load irrespective of the character' of the steam supply or the amount of steam extracted therefrom, thereby enabling it to be operated in synehronism with other machines.

Briefly stated,'my invention 'comprises a multi-stage turbine having a.' suitable inletv and an outlet, together with a conduit convneet-ed to an intermediate pressure stage through vwhich steam may be extracted for heating, cooking, or other industrial purposes, orthrough which low-pressure steam may How from any source, to said interinediate pressure stage, and subsequently do work in the turbine. t

The admission of nigh-pressure steam to the turbine is controlled by a valve .means that is responsive to a speed governor driven by the turbine, a second valve means, also governor-controlled, regulates the passage of steam through the turbine from an intermediate pressure stage to a lou' pressure stage, and also determines the pressure of the extractedsteam and regulates the passage of the low-pressure steam from a separate source. The action 0i" the governor on these valve means is, however. subject to two sep'- arate and distinct modifying means, one being active all the time. the other being active only when the turbine is operating as` a mixed pressiiramachne, The first. of these means is responsive to the pressureexisting maintainin'g'the proper distribution of fluid pressure therein and n'iaintaining the proper pressure of the steam supplied to the heating devices, etc. The valve is motor-operated and is controlled, as before stated, by the speed governor and also bya diaphragm or equivalent device that is sensitive to variations in pressure in said stage or in a conduit in communication therewith. The preferable arrangement is to directly expose the ,diaphragm or equivalent device to stage.

pressure thereby avoiding any drop' in pressure which might otherwise take place and simplifying the apparatus. The second of said means is responsive. tochanges in the rate of flow of lovv pressure steam through said conduit from any suitable source, such for example as the exhaust conduit of a high pressure engine of any type.

turi or Pitot tubeor a combination of both located in the supply conduit. and which is capable of establishing a pressure diderence Athat bears a deinite relation to changes in the rate of flow of fluid in saidconduit. This pressure difference is communicated to opposite sides of a diaphragm or equivalent device that acts differentially on the high pressure inlet and also on the lintermediate pressure V`or stage valves to close one and open the other as vcircumstances require. This action is entirely independent of the speed `governor which normally moves the valves simultaneously and correspondingly.

The use of a ow responsive device possesses marked advantages over the pressure responsive vdevices now 1n use because it does Anot become operative Auntil a flow has been established for an appreciable interval of Specifically this means comprises'atdevice such as a Ven.

lers, such as water' wheels lfor example.

time and hence will not take into account a. momentary impulse or supply of steam such f'er example as would be occasioned by the simplefturning over of a rolling mill en- 'gine whose exhaust pipe delivers steam to the turbine.v In other words with a pressure sensitive device and a variable steam supply the turbine is being continually shifted over from high to mixed pressure operation and' back again, thereby giving rise to irregularities inspeed which are highly objectionable for many purposes, notably where the turbines drive alternating current generators connected in multiple withv other generators driven by separate prime movers. Furthermore the flow responsive device insures the same posit-ion of the speed governor for the same load irrespective of Whether the supply of steam entering the turbine is high, lovv or mixed pressure. It is this feature which enables the turbo-generator to operate in synchronism with other generators driven b v separate prime mov- In this connection it should be borne in mind that the ordinary typev of-speed governor has a predetermined range of movement .from no load to full load and that if such a governor is used on a mixed pressure inasupplies of energy to all turbines change simultaneously and in like manner and amount. This in practice is seldom or never the case.

Viewed as an extraction turbine the governing echanism is so constructed and arranged tat a supply'of steam at constant and predetermined pressure is available in the extraction stage and from which it ioWs to the heating, cooking or other devices, the balance of the' steam passing through the turbine and performing work therein on its Way to the outlet or condenser.

Particularly I degsire to emphasize the fact that, duejjto my improved apparatus, the

speed of the; turbine can be maintained thel same for any load regardless of Whether it be operating as high pressure, loiv pressure, mixed pressure or as an extraction machine.

In the accompanying drawings which are illustrative of my invention, Figure 1 is a lperspective view of a turbo-generator; Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic vieW oftheturbine and governing mechanism; Fig. 3 is a detail` View, chiefly in section, of the extraction stage valve and the motor for operating it;

Fig. f1 is a sectional view tof a part of the fluid measuring device, and Fig. 5 isa plan view of the same.

Referring to Fig. 1, 5 indicates an electric generator of the alternating current type and 6 a multi-stage turbine of the Curtis type for driving it.V The invention is not, however, limited toJthe typev of generator or turbine shown, butiis of general application. 7 indicates the inlet of the turbine through which high pressure steam Hows under the control of one or more valves 8 that are actuated directly or indirectly by the speed governor 9, the latter bein vdriven vby the turbine shaft in any suitab e or usual Way. 1U indicates the outlet or exhaust conduit leading to a condenser, and 11 the conduit through which steam flows from the extraction stage lto the heating devices or through which low pressure steam is admitted to the turbine. The admission of high pressure steam is controlled by the valve 8, that. may be taken as typical of any suitable valve means. Itis provided withA a stem 12, and engaging a pin or collar thereon is a' forked lever 13, the outer end of which is rigidly connected to the pivotal ly supported governor lever- 14. The lever is connected a rod 15 with a three-arm lever 16, the latter being supported by a counter weighted arm 17 that is mounted on the rock shaft 18. T he rock shaft-is supported in suitable bearings and motion is imparted thereto from thespeed governor 9 by the rocker arm 19 that is connected to the movableabutm-ent of the governor. As the speed var-ies dueto load changes, more or less steam Will be admitted in the usual manner, assuming for the moment the turbine to be operated solely as a high pressure unit. 20`indicates a ported ring valve that controls the ports, nozzles or passages through which steam passes from a given stagein this case the extraction stageto the low pressure portion of the turbine, the latter having one or more pressure stages as desired. This valve may be considered as illustrating any suitable form of valve or regulating device. The

-valve is oscillated about the turbine shaft by the rod 21 which in turn is moved by the piston of the fluid-actuated motor 22, the structure of which Will'be described more fully in connection with Fig. 3. Its pilot valve is attached to the lower end of the arm 23 which in turnsupports a bell-crank lever 24:, one arm of which is connected to the three-arm lever 16 by means of the link 25, rock-shaft 26, arms on the shaft and link 27.

Disregarding for the moment modications of the action of the admission and stage valves by changes in pressure or in flow,any movement of the governor rockshaft 18 will simultaneously raise or lower the links 15 and 27 and hence simultane. ously open 'or close the admissionvalve 8 Lacasse t 3j and the stage valve 20 by equivalent,

Referring to Fig. 3, the piston rod 21 is extended'tlirough the cylinder heads, and,

-on its outer end, is provided with a swivel block that engages and moves between the arms of the fork ot' lever 30. Levers 23 and 30 are united by the pivot 3l. To the lever or member 23 is pivotally connected the stem of pilot valve or regulator 32 which controls the 'admission of fluid, such asv steam or oil, tov the motor and the exhaust therefrom in the usual manner. On the lower lend ofv the vlever or member 23 is mounted a bell-crank lever or member 24,

the long arm of which is connected by the link 25 Vto the speed governor, While the' short arm connected to the adjustable rod 33 which in turn is attached to the mov yable head of the diaphragm 34. This is known to the 'trade as a sylphon .diaphragm and comprises a corrugated tubular element made ot' suitable springy metal having a movable head and a stationary base, the latter being .supported by a bracket from the turbine. Steamds admitted to the diaphragm chamber by the pipe 35 leading from the stage Whose pressure. is to be maintained constantin 'this case the so-called extraction or first stage 36, Fig. 2, or from the conduit connected to the turbine. Only one stage is provided With a ring`valve,but more can be so provided it necessary or de sirable. The steam pressure tends tol move the head of the sylphon diaphragm to the right, and this action is opposed by the coiled .compression spring 37 or equivalent device, said spring being adjustable so thatA any desired stage pressure can be maintained. Assuming an increase in speed due to adecrease in load on the turbine, the pilot valve is moved, by means of the bellcrank lever 24 (its pivot 38 being fixed for the moment) in a direction to cause the motorv to close the' ring valve 20 by the proper amount. The movement of the piston moves the lever 30 and with it the pivot 31, and since the pivot 3S' remains stationary, or practica-ll)T so, the pilot valve will be restored to its central position lWhere it closes the entrance and exhaust ports of the motor. Assuming a decrease in speed and a corresponding increase in load the diaphragm moves the pilot valve in a direction to cause the motor to-move the ring valve in the opposite direction and admit more steam. On t-he other hand if a change in stage pres# sure takes place with or without a change in load, the diaphragm and its cooperating spring' will move lthe bell-crank lever 24 bodily in one direction or the other, as the case may be, and with itthe pilot valve, thus enabling the motor to move the stage valve in a direction to compensate for said pressure change. While this action is taking ifi) place the link 25 merely lswings about its upper pivot without'changing the position ot' the speed governor. The diaphragm operates ivheneverthe stage pressure changes from the predetermined` irrespective -ot the character of the steam supplied thereto and hence is utilized when the turbine is op-A i erating under all conditions. lVhen the turbine operates on the extraction plan it is this sylphon diaphragm which determines the pressure otl the steam flowing to the heating. cooking or other devices, and it and its associated parts should be so adjusted or related that the pressure of the steam will be constant or practically so, to attain the best results.

Considering now the low and mixed pressure operation: Steam enters the conduit l] and flows through the loaded relief valve E!) set to open at any predetermined pressure.l such as 16 lbs. absolute for example. This valve may be of any Well known or suitable construction. From this valve it flows through a check valve. having a valve 4() carried by a spindle L11 to which is attached an arm carrying a. sliding Weight 4:2. For extraction purposes the weight should occup)Y the position indicated .bv the dotted lines and for low and mixed'pressure, the position shown in iull lines. In other words, for mixed pressure service, the valve is inactive, and for extraction service, active. and closing when steam tends to low toward the turbine. The utilit)Y ot the valve for extraction purposes is evident from the tact. that in some installations the piping leadingr to theconsumption devices has considerable capacity and if said pipingr werc'tillcd with steam when the load was thrown oii' of the turbo-generator, the amount ot' steam in said piping would be suiicieut to cause the turbine to race. Vith a valve arranged as described this cannot take place because thc instant there is a reversal in the direction ot -steam flow Ithe valve Will automatimilly close.

It has been heretofore proposed to partiall)v controla. mixed pressure turbine b v means of a device responsive to pressure changes vin the low pressuresource. This is satisfactory in cases Where the low pressure supply `is not. subject to sudden and Wide variation in pressure, but Where such changes do take place the)y result in momentarily shifting the machine from high to mixed pressure operation and vice-versa. which may give rise to objectionable lspeed changes and therefore to frequent andv un-` I avoid necessary shittingof the valves. this objection by providing a measuring deftional area to the throat, and thereafter enlarges at a definite rate to its end in a wellknownmanner. The effect of this funnel is to temporarily increase the velocity of a selected portion of the steam, that is that assing through the funnel. It is preferab e to use`a funnel' instead of forming a section ofv the conduit into a Venturi tube because it is much cheaper, and because the funnelcan readily be installed in existing stations Without changing the piping and because new funnels may readily be substituted forI changed operating conditions.

In the throat ofthe funnel is located a Pitot tube or plug 44 containing a central longitudinal orifice 44, Figs. 4 and 5, and connecting oriiices 44 that point down stream. The central orifice 44u is connected to the pipe 46 leading to a diaphragm47. 45 indicates a perforated tube having a closed end terminating outside of. the funnel and formin the other element of the Pitot tube. This tu e 45 may be of the same general nature as the tube shown in Fig. 4 and is arranged with the "orifice pointing tip-stream. Other forms of measuring devices may -be used without depart-ing from my invention. The pressure due to the plug 44 will be equal to the static pressure minus an amount determined by the velocity head due to the action of the funnel while the pressure in the tube y45 will be equal to the static pressure outside of the' funnel. In this manner 'a pressure difference is created "that varies with changes in the rate of How of steam to the turbine, and which is greater than would be the case if either the Venturi tube or APitot tube were used alone. This pressure difference is communicated by pipes 46 to a diaphragm 47 which may be corrugated if desired to render it more iiexible. The diaphragm is located in a ehambe'red casing and to it'is attached a stem 48 that is connected by a link to the upper arm of the three-arin lever 16. A spring 49, Fig. l, is

`employed to adjust the action of the diainunicated to both the supply and' stage and forth over the supply ends of the nozzles 52. Now ir" the lever 16 is tilt'ed one way or the other by the diaphragm 47, either directly or indirectly, it has the effeet of closing one valve and opening the other by a corresponding amount. In other words the ioxv responsive means acts differentially on the valves and the speed governor simultaneously and correspondingly on both valves. The sylphon diaphragm 34 only as will be readily seen. For high-pressure operation a load may be'assumed which requires the valves to occupy the position shown, c. partially open. Now it' the turbine were operating low pressure on the valve 201 opened somewhat wider. Inasmuch as the speed governorccan only move ingly it follows that 'the governing mechansm would fail under these conditions were it not for the action of the diaphragm 47, 'said diaphragm establishing suchrelations between the valves and their ports as will and low pressure steam and enable the speed governor to act thereon in the desired maiiner. 'lo simplify the description I have for the moment disregarded any modification action diie to the sylphon diaphra m 34, the action ofwhich is-described elsew 1ere.

Assuming that the machine is operating solelyY on high pressure and the supply of -increases until its pressure' balances that in' iiected, nothing will happen. AIf, however, the pressure slightly increases above said value, the valve 39 will momentarily o en to atmosphere and a flow will be estab ished which in turn after a brief interval of time causes the diaphragm 47 to actan'd adjust ,both the inlet and stage valves to a new relation as determined by the rateof flow. Inasinuch as'tliis part lof the apparatus has a lagging time aelement. the valves will not be readjusted until the How has existed for an appreciable period of time. This prevents a momentary" supply of low-pressure steamas from onerevolution of a rolling mill engine-Lfro'm shifting the valves to mixed pi'essu'rerelation only to have them return operation as soon as said supply gives out. As soonas the flow is established there is a slight decrease in stage pressure and the valve 39 closes and low pressure steam is fed this governing mechanism it is thc aim, in so only .when necessary because of the addion the other lhand acts on the' stage valve properly proportion the supplies of high through the conduit to the second stage. In

valves which are illustrated as moving back same load thevvalve 8 should be sluit and the l the valves simultaneously and correspondlow-pressure steam from some outside source the second stage to which the pipe 1l is conto their previous positions for high pressure far as possible, to use low pressure st'ea in and tosupplement with high pressure steam' tional cost thereof; When operating'tlie turbine on the extraction plan the diaphragm '47.-is not utilized and to cut it out of service valves 53 are provided in the pipes 4 -6 leading thereto. y

Under the usual operating 'conditions encountered in practice the funnel 4 3 in the conduit 1l will not be objectionablefavhen the machine is operating on the extraction plan because it offers such a slight resistance to the flow of steam. In those. .cases where it is'objectionable, a valve-controlled by-pass 54 is provided which shunts said funnel when its valve is open. It will be noted that the three-arm lever device or. means-16 performs an important part in the governing operation because'- it ties together-and. operates the admission andstage val-ves and because its angular position determines whether the machine will operate on low, nigh or mixed pressuresteam.

-I lever. isfulcrumed on the speed governor, or

vdiaphragm or other pressure device and this what isthe same thing in the rock shaft 18,

it follows that its angular. position can readily bechanged .Without undue Workfby a without unduly loading the governor. In so faras` its ultimate eii'ect on the valve 20. is concerned, the lever 24 which is connected to the sylphon diaphragi'n could be mounted directly on the three-,arm lever '16 as shown in Fig. 2, but since it -is impractical in most -cases todo this on account of structural difficulties, I effect the same result by supporting fit on. the lever 23 and connectingit by links,

shaft, etc., to said lever 16.

The stage valvel in addition to serving'as a means for maintaining the stage pressure constant also `serves as a regulating valve to vprevent the turbine vfrom running away in case the load is suddenly thrown olf and the supply of low pressure steam continues. This action is brought about by the speed governor action on the pilot valve of the motor in a manner to cause it to close said stage valve. L vj I have shown the measuring device located in advance of the relief valve 39 but in some cases I may locate it'betiveen the relief valve' and the turbine. As shown, said device is acted upon bythe totali quantity of low-pressure steam. When located on the other side of the valve it will be acted upon only by the actual amount of steam enteringthc turbine. The latter arrangenient'has the ad.- vantage of giving strictly isochronous operation. The. p'reseure-responsive device for regulating the second stage valve is not used for vspeed" Y regulating purposes but .serves to correct,- unavoidable mechanical imperfections in` the valve mechanism.

Under some circumstances it is desirable to use the iiow measuring device-whenthe turbine is operated on the extraction plan.

In such a case the connections from the Ven- Iiiasmuch as said` turi tubeto the' diaphragm 47 coperating therewith would be reversed, or a Pitot tube may be used without the Venturi tube.

t wing to the use of the ring stage valve in combination with suitable admission valve means, the efficiency of the machine is improved because the working passages throughout the machine' are properly proportioned one to the other to convey the steam at its given pressure and volume. As

a result of this the pressure in the stage controlled by the stage valve will be constant.v This meansthat a pressure responsive device in the conduit supplying low' 'pressure steam to the controlled stage would be` ineffective because the stage valve would immediately open as the pressure increased and close as the pressure decreased. 'By utilizing a flow responsive device, however, a constant-'stage pressure can be maintained with its accompanying advantage of increased economy, while at the same time the governing mechanism will 'be so set as to cause only that amount of high pressure steani to enter the turbine as is necessary to supplement the low pressure supply.

By reason of my improvements the same turbine without change in its structure can be operated in four dilferent ways, as a high pressure machine, as a low pressure machine, Vas a mixed pressure machine, and as anextraction machine either' singly or in connection with other machines .delivering energy to the same system and in eXactsynchronismtherewith. This greatly increases the utility of the machine and gives it a very wide application 'as will readily beappreciated It is of especial importance for use indriving electric genera-tors in central stations which supply low pressure steam for heating in the winter time and have available considerable low pressure steam at other times.

In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes, I have. described the principle of operation/'of my invention, together -with the-apparatus which I now consider to represent the best embodiment thereof;

but I 4desire to have it .understood that the.-

apparatus shown is' only' illustrative,y and" that the invention can be carried out by other means.'

What lI claim .as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is:

1. In combination, a turbine, a valve controlling the admission of high-pressureiiuid -thereto, 'avalve controlling the passage ofiuid therethrough, a speed governor which controls both of v'said valves, and a means responsive to changes in the rate of flow of a iuid for modifying the action of the ,gow ernor on one of said valves. l n

' 2. In combination, a turbine, a valve controlling the admission of high-pressure fluid thereto, a valve controlling the passage-of Huid therethrough, a speed governor which controls both of said valves, and a means responsive to changes in the rate of iiow of a fluid which acts dierentially on said valves.

3. In combination, a turbine, a valve controlling the admission of high-pressure Huid thereto, a valvecontrolling the passage of iuid therethrough, a speed governor Which controls both of said valves, and a means responsive to changes in the rate of tlovvof' lowpressure fluid for adjusting said valves with respect to their ports and independently of the governor.`

4. In combination, a turbine, a valve controlling the admission of high-pressure i'iuid thereto, a valve controlling the passage of fluid therethrough, a speed governor which controls both of said valves, a pressure-responsive means for adjusting one of the valves independently7 of the governor, and

means for adjusting both of said valves independently of the governor.

5. In combination, a turbine, a valve controlling the admission of fluid thereto, a ported ring valve Within the turbine for controlling the passa e of iuid therethrough, a speed governor or controlling the valves, and a means responsive to the pressure existing in a region in the turbine for causing one of the valves to open or close ports Within the turbine independently of the governor.

6. In combination, a turbine, a valve controlling the admission of fluid thereto, a gridiron valve controlling the passagey of Huid through an intermediate part of the turbine, a motor for actuating it, a regulator therefor, a speed governor that controls the action of the admission valve and the regulator, and a pressureresponsive device which acts on the regulator to cause the motor to move its valve Without changing the position of the speed governor. y

7. In combination, a turbine, a conduit connected to a region'of intermediate pressure of said turbine through which fluid may be either admitted to or extracted from the turbine, a valve controlling the admission of high pressure Huid to the turbine, ,a ring valve controlling the How of Huid through the turbine at the pointl of intermediate pres sure, a speed governor which acts on both said valves to simultaneously open or close the same, and a device responsive to the pressure of the fluid ioWing in said conduit Vwhich acts to regulate the second named valve only.

8. In combination, a turbine, regulating valves therefor, a motor for moving one of the valves, a regulator for the motor, a s eed governor that normally controls the va ves,

Aa pressure-responsive device, a swinging member, a connection between it and the regulator, and a member connected to the speed governor and to the pressure-responsive device which is pivotall'y supported by the swinging member. l

9. In combination, a turbine having an inlet, an outlet and a conduit connected to a region of intermediate pressure therein, an admission valve, an intermediate pressureA valve in communication with the conduit.y

a speed governor for controlling the action of the valves, pressure means for modifying the relation existing between the governor and one ofthe valves, and a means responsive to changes in the rate of flow of a iiuid for also modifying the relation eXisting between the governor and said valve.

10. In combination, a turbine having an inlet, an outlet and a conduit connected tol a region of intermediate pressure therein, an admission valve,. an intermediate pressure valve in communication with the conduit, a speed governor for controlling the action of the valves, means responsive to pressure changes, means responsive to changes in the rateof flow of a fluid, and a means connecting said pressure and ilovv responsive means with the speed governor to modify the relation between the valves and the levers. L

1l. In combination, a turbine having an inlet, an outlet and a conduit connected to a region of intermediate pressure therein, an admission valve, an intermediate pressure valve in communication With the conduit, a speed governor for controlling the action of the valves, means responsive to pressure changes, means responsive to changes in the rate of tioiv of a luid, and a device which is connected to both of said means, is tilted by one of them and is movedbodily by the speed governor.

12. In combination, a turbinehaving an inlet, an outlet and a conduit'connected to a region of intermediate pressure therein, an admission valve, an intermediate pressure valve in communication with the conduit, a speed governonfor controlling the action of the valves, means responsive to l from ysaid member to the controller lof one ofthe valves, and to one of said means, and a pivotal connection betweenk the governor and member to permit the latter to move independently of the governor.

13. In combination, a turbine having an inlet, an outlet and a conduit connected to a region of intermediate pressure therein, an admission valve, an intermediate pressure valve in communication with the conduit, a speed governor that normally controls the valves, a means responsiveto the pressure in said region,'a device located in-the con duit for creating a pressure diference vdetermined by the rate of iov of fluid therein, a means acted upon by the pressure-difinlet,` an outlet and a conduit connectedvto a lsubjected to saidf'pressure difference, and a trolling-the `passagejof saidfluid through ymeasuring device inf the conduit, and means ference which in turn acts'differentially on the valves. 14. In combination', a turbine hav-ing an region of intermediatepressure, a valve controlling the passageof fluidfrom said re'f gion, a governor therefor, a device located inthe conduit for. creating a pressurev difference that bears afdelinite relation to the quantity of iuid iiowi'ng through it, a means device'acted upon by said means to change the established relation between the governor and the valve.-

15. In combination, a turbine, a conduit. supplying elastic Huid thereto, a valve conthe turbine, a relief-valve in the conduit, a

closes vvhen the ow is established, a measuri ing device sensitiveto. variations in the rate of flow of fluid through the conduit, a means acted upon by the device, and a device for causing movements of the means to inodiy the action of the controlling valve.

17. In combination, a turbine, aconduit supplying fluid pressure thereto, a valve controlling the passage of said lui'dthrough the turbine, a motor for actuating the valve,

a controller for the motor, a valve in the conduit thatlopens to establish a fiow through the'conduit and closes 'when the flow is established, a measuring device. in the con- 41;. duit and sensitive to changes iii the rate of flow through it, a means acted upon by the vdevice, and a device for causing the means to modify the action of the controller on,

the motor. l In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand tenthday of February, 1913.

FRED E. NORTON. Witnessesz-` l y 4 'Jouir A. MCMANUS, Jr.,

' FnANii G. HAririE; 

